Evacuee Property: Sale of whole property or part only

(A) East Punjab Evacuee’s (Administration of Property) Act, 1947 – Administration of Evacuee Property Act, 1950 – Displaced Person (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act, 1954, Section 5, 12, 22, 24(1), 25 – Evacuee property – Allotment of – Review jurisdiction Section 25 of the 1954 Act provides for review of the orders passed under the Act, mentions that any person aggrieved by an order of Settlement Officer under Section 5, from which no appeal is allowed under Section 22, may, within thirty days from the date of the order, file a review petition – It further provides that a clerical or arithmetical error in any order passed by an officer or authority under the Act may be corrected by such officer or authority or the successor-in-office – Held that in the facts of the case, a review petition may not be maintainable as it was not a case of an error arising from any accidental slip or omission – In the earlier order dated 25.06.1979, the Chief Settlement Commissioner considered the case of the appellants threadbare, on application filed by the appellants – In fact, the appellants re-argued the matter on merits which was not the scope of jurisdiction as provided in Section 25 of the 1954 Act. (Para 25)

(B) Displaced Person (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act, 1954, Section 5, 12, 22, 24(1), 25 – Displaced person – Allotment of evacuee property –Review jurisdiction It is evident from the order dated 07.05.1980 passed in the review petition that the entire matter was considered afresh – Merely because the appellants were in possession of the entire area, which was forming part of ‘Spring Field’, was presumed to have been sold – Whereas on the other side, it was admitted that the amount paid by the appellants was not with reference to the entire area in their possession but was only for 2,786 square yards – In the revisions filed by both the parties, the Financial Commissioner had considered the issues raised – Entire case built up is on presumption only that the entire area in possession of the appellants was put to sale, though the position was otherwise – Clinching evidence on the issue of tampering of record was ignored by the Trial Court while decreeing the suit in favour of the appellants – Finding recorded by the lower Appellate Court on the issue of tampering of record and the fact that valuation of the property to be sold was done prior to when the same was put to sale, clinched the issue regarding the area proposed to be sold and actually sold to the appellants – High Court also opined that valuation of the property sold to the appellants was not made after the sale had been completed, rather it was done before the same was put to sale -Merely with the identity of the property or its number, no title can be passed on any prospective buyer, once a conscious decision had been taken by the authority concerned to sell only a portion thereof and not the entire area – Held that do not find any merit in the present appeal and the same liable to be dismissed. (Para 11 to 14)

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

2024 STPL(Web) 68 SC

[2024 INSC 69]

Rani Chander Kanta (D) Thr. Lrs. & Ors. Vs.Union Of India & Anr.

Civil appeal no. 869 of 2011-Decided on 24-1-2024

https://stpllaw.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-STPLWeb-68-SC.pdf

 

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Breach of peace: It must disturb public order, not just personal peace

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Sections 145, 146- Breach of peace – Emergency situation – Possession dispute – Civil litigation – Non-application of mind – Proceeding under Section 145 – Attachment under Section 146 – The application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 challenges the orders by the Executive Magistrate, concerning a dispute under Section 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and subsequent attachment under Section 146(1) of the same.

The petitioner contests the legality of both orders, asserting that the initiation of the proceeding and the attachment were illegal and an abuse of process. It’s argued that the jurisdiction under Section 145 can only be invoked if there’s a likelihood of a breach of peace, which wasn’t sufficiently demonstrated in this case.

The petitioner highlights that the attachment order was passed ex-parte without affording them an opportunity to respond, which is contrary to the exceptional circumstances required for such an order. Reference is made to legal precedent discouraging parallel criminal proceedings when a civil litigation is pending regarding property possession, emphasizing the binding nature of civil court decrees.

The respondents counter by claiming entitlement to the land based on a partition deed and subsequent court judgments. They argue that emergency circumstances justified the attachment due to the petitioner’s attempt to construct on disputed land.

Legal precedents are cited to emphasize that the existence of an emergency, not just the use of the term “emergency,” warrants attachment under Section 146.

The judgment critically examines the orders and the circumstances leading to them. It observes discrepancies between the assertions made in the complaint and police report, highlighting the absence of clear grounds for apprehension of breach of peace.The judgment reiterates the requirement for a dispute likely to cause a breach of peace under Section 145, emphasizing that it must disturb public order, not just personal peace.

It concludes that the impugned orders suffer from non-application of mind and jurisdictional error, resulting in injustice to the petitioner. Consequently, both orders are quashed, and the petition is allowed. Important Paragraph Numbers of Judgment: (Para 13, 19, 30, 31)

GAUHATI HIGH COURT

2023 STPL(Web) 183 Gauhati

[2024 STPL 1651 Gauhati]

Md. Osman Ali Saikia And Anr. Vs. Chand Mahamod Saikia And 2 Ors.

Crl.Pet. 239 of 2021-Decided on 8-11-2023

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Electricity: Outstanding arrears from previous owner

Constitution of India, Article 226 – Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission [Electricity Supply Code and Related Matters] Regulations, 2004 – Electricity Act, 2003 – Section 43, 49, 50, 56 – Electricity – Outstanding arrears from previous owner – The petitioner, a partnership firm, sought a writ petition under Article 226 challenging a decision by the Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL) to deny a new electricity connection to their premises due to outstanding arrears from previous electricity bills.

The court directed interim relief for immediate electricity connection, subject to 50% payment of outstanding dues, with the remaining 50% to be paid upon dismissal of the writ petition.

The petitioner participated in an auction sale of a property and purchased a portion of land with a Business Centre cum Market Complex. They subsequently applied for a new electricity connection, which was denied by APDCL citing outstanding dues.

The court referred to the Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission [Electricity Supply Code and Related Matters] Regulations, 2004 and the Electricity Act, 2003. It cited a Supreme Court decision (K.C. Ninan vs. Kerala State Electricity Board) regarding the liability of auction purchasers for previous dues in properties sold on ‘as is where is’ basis.

The court dismissed the writ petition, holding the petitioner liable for outstanding electricity dues as per the auction sale agreement. It directed the petitioner to pay the outstanding dues as per the interim order, with APDCL waiving the accrued interest on the principal dues. (Para 15, 16)

GAUHATI HIGH COURT

2023 STPL(Web) 182 Gauhati

[2024 STPL 1650 Gauhati]

M/S Borah And Companyjiban Phukan Nagar Vs. Assam Power Distribution Company Ltd. And 3 Ors.

WP(C) 989 of 2014-Decided on 7-11-2023

2023 STPL(Web) 182 Gauhati

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Executive instructions cannot nullify statutory rules

Assam Bonded Warehouse Rules, 1965 – Rule 7 – Refund of Charges – Administrative Order – Statutory Rules – The present writ petition contested an order issued by the Secretary to the Government of Assam, Excise Department, reintroducing establishment charges under Rule 7 of the Assam Bonded Warehouse Rules, 1965, despite their abolition by the Assam Bonded Warehouse (Amendment) Rules, 2005.

The Court held that executive instructions cannot nullify statutory rules. Citing the principle established in K. Kuppusamy case, it ruled that until a rule is amended, it remains applicable. Consequently, the impugned order was set aside as ultra vires. Regarding refund, relying on Mafatlal Industries Ltd. case, the Court directed the petitioner to present evidence to the Excise Commissioner, who would determine entitlement to refund within four months, considering whether the petitioner passed on the burden of charges to retailers. (Para 15)

GAUHATI HIGH COURT

2023 STPL(Web) 181 Gauhati

[2024 STPL 1649 Gauhati]

M/S Centenary Distilleries P Ltd. Vs. State Of Assam And 2 Ors.

WP(C) 2875 of 2014-Decided on 7-11-2023

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Land Disputes: Binding nature of Civil Court’s decree on Revenue Courts

Land Disputes – Binding nature of Civil Court’s decree on Revenue Courts – The instant writ petition challenged a judgment of the Assam Board of Revenue concerning a land dispute. The dispute pertained to a plot of land associated with the Dargah of Pir Saheb. The Civil Court in Title Suit No.176/1978 had decreed in favor of the Petitioners’ predecessor, declaring their right, title, and possession over the land. The State of Assam was restrained from interference. Subsequently, the Settlement Officer issued a Khatian in favor of the Petitioners’ predecessor, and a new Dag was created. However, the Assam Board of Revenue, in its impugned judgment, disregarded the Civil Court’s decree and cancelled the Khatian issued to the Petitioners’ predecessor.

This action was deemed contrary to established principles, as Civil Court decrees are binding on Revenue Courts. Therefore, the High Court set aside the impugned judgment, restoring the Khatian to the Petitioners’ predecessor. (Para 12)

GAUHATI HIGH COURT

2023 STPL(Web) 180 Gauhati

[2024 STPL 1648 Gauhati]

Sayed Moinuddin Ahmed Vs. State Of Assam And 3 Ors.

WP(C) 4701 of 2013-Decided on 7-11-2023

https://stpllaw.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2023-STPLWeb-180-Gauhati.pdf

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